Paramiko模块批量管理:
通过调用ssh协议进行远程机器的批量命令执行.要使用paramiko模块那就必须先安装这个第三方模块,仅需要在本地上安装相应的软件(python以及PyCrypto),对远程服务器没有配置要求,对于连接多台服务器,进行复杂的连接操作特别有帮助。
一、安装:
1:安装gcc和python-devel
yum install gcc gcc-c++ python-devel #安装所需环境
2: paramiko依赖pycrypto模块,要先下载pycrypto安装
wget http://ftp.dlitz.net/pub/dlitz/crypto/pycrypto/pycrypto-2.6.tar.gz
解压后进入主目录执行下面命令:
python setup.py buildpython setup.py install
3:下载paramiko进行安装
wget http://www.lag.net/paramiko/download/paramiko-1.7.7.1.tar.gz
解压后进入主目录执行下面命令
python setup.py buildpython setup.py install
4: 修改配置
在python的命令行模式下面导入模块,进行测试:
import paramiko
结果提示错误如下:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko-1.7.7.1-py2.6.egg/paramiko/__init__.py", line 69, in from transport import SecurityOptions, Transport File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko-1.7.7.1-py2.6.egg/paramiko/transport.py", line 32, in from paramiko import util File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko-1.7.7.1-py2.6.egg/paramiko/util.py", line 32, in from paramiko.common import * File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko-1.7.7.1-py2.6.egg/paramiko/common.py", line 98, in from Crypto import Random File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/__init__.py", line 29, in from Crypto.Random import _UserFriendlyRNG File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/_UserFriendlyRNG.py", line 38, in from Crypto.Random.Fortuna import FortunaAccumulator File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaAccumulator.py", line 39, in import FortunaGenerator File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaGenerator.py", line 34, in from Crypto.Util.number import ceil_shift, exact_log2, exact_div File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py", line 56, in if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC:AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC'
解决方法:
进入/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py ,注解下面两行
#if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC:# _warn("Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability.", PowmInsecureWarning)
二、paramiko模块:
SSHClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
基于用户名密码连接:
#!/usr/bin/env python# encoding: utf-8import paramiko#记录日志paramiko.util.log_to_file('paramiko.log') #创建SSH对象ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())# 连接远程主机ssh.connect(hostname='10.10.100.100',port=22,username='root',password='******')#执行命令(输入,输出,错误返回结果)stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('free -m')#读取stdout命令结果result = stdout.read()#输出并打印出结果.print result# 关闭连接
SSHClient 封装 Transport:
import paramikoparamiko.util.log_to_file('paramilo.log')transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.10.100.110', 22))transport.connect(username='www', password='***')ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()ssh._transport = transportstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df -Th')print stdout.read()transport.close()
三、使用Key连接远程:
本机生成key :ssh-keygen
#!/usr/bin/env python# encoding: utf-8import paramikoprivate_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/www/.ssh/id_rsa') #本机私钥文件 # 创建SSH对象ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())# 连接服务器ssh.connect(hostname='ip', port=22, username='www', pkey=private_key)# 执行命令stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')# 获取命令结果result = stdout.read()# 关闭连接ssh.close()
import paramikoprivate_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/www/.ssh/id_rsa')transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))transport.connect(username='www', pkey=private_key)ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()ssh._transport = transportstdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')transport.close()
SFTPClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码上传下载:
1 import paramiko 2 3 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22)) 4 transport.connect(username='www',password='****') 5 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) 6 # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py 7 sftp.put('/tmp/parmiko1.py', '/tmp/test.py') 8 # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path 9 sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')10 11 transport.close()
基于公钥密钥上传下载:
1 import paramiko 2 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/www/.ssh/id_rsa') 4 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) 5 transport.connect(username='www', pkey=private_key ) 6 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) 7 # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py 8 sftp.put('/tmp/paramiko1.py', '/tmp/test.py') 9 # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path10 sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')11 transport.close
Python paramiko模块使用实例:
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf-8import paramikoprint """iplist.txt 10.10.100.127 user1 user1@123 10.10.100.128 user1 user1@123 10.10.100.129 user1 user1@123 10.10.100.130 user1 user1@123"""def param_login(): # paramiko.util.log_to_file('paramiko.log') # s = paramiko.SSHClient() # s.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # try: # s.connect(hostname=ip,port=22,username=username,password=passwd) # stdin, stdout, stderr = s.exec_command('free -m') # print u"ip地址是%s的执行结果为:" %(ip),"\n",stdout.read() # except: # return "None" # s.close() #SSHClient 封装 Transport: paramiko.util.log_to_file('paramilo.log') try: transport = paramiko.Transport((ip, 22)) transport.connect(username=username, password=passwd) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df -Th') print u"\033[32;1mip地址是%s的执行结果为:\033[0m" %(ip),"\n",stdout.read() except: return "None" transport.close()#用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载def sshftp(): transport = paramiko.Transport((ip,22)) transport.connect(username=username,password=passwd) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将本地/tmp/目录下文件上传至服务器/tmp目录下并改名 sftp.put('/tmp/1.txt', '/tmp/2.txt') # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path #sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path') sftp.get('/tmp/2.txt','/tmp/2.txt') transport.close()if __name__ == "__main__": with open('iplist.txt','r') as userlist: for i in userlist.readlines(): #循环读取文件 m = i.strip() #去除空行 #print m ip,username,passwd = m.split() param_login() sshftp()
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf-8import sysimport timeimport paramikoclass paramiko_ssh(object): def __init__(self,hostname,username,passwd): self.Hostname = hostname self.port = 22 self.Username = username self.Passwd = passwd def ssh_login(self): #SSHClient 封装 Transport: paramiko.util.log_to_file('paramilo.log') try: transport = paramiko.Transport((self.Hostname, 22)) transport.connect(username=self.Username, password=self.Passwd) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df -Th') print u"\033[32;1mip地址是%s的执行结果为:\033[0m" %(self.Hostname),"\n",stdout.read() except: return "None" time.sleep(3) sys.exit() transport.close() #用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载 def sshftp(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.Hostname,22)) transport.connect(username=self.Username,password=self.Passwd) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) #将本地/tmp/目录下文件上传至服务器/tmp目录下并改名 sftp.put('/tmp/1.txt', '/tmp/2.txt') # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path #sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path') sftp.get('/tmp/2.txt','/tmp/2.txt') transport.close()if __name__ == "__main__": with open('iplist.txt','r') as userlist: for i in userlist.readlines(): #循环读取文件 m = i.strip() #去除空行 #print m hostname,username,passwd = m.split() p = paramiko_ssh(hostname,username,passwd) p.ssh_login() p.sshftp()
Python的paramiko模块块基于SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作. 堡垒机就是基于盖模块而开发的.
实现思路:
堡垒机执行流程:
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号(将公钥放置服务器,或者使用用户名密码)
- 用户登陆堡垒机,输入堡垒机用户名密码,现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器,并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/www/menu.py
未完代写.........................
Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装:
1 linux:2 yum install MySQL-python3 4 window:5 http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip
SQL基本使用
1、数据库操作
1 show databases; 2 use [databasename];3 create database [name];
2、数据表操作
1 show tables; 2 3 create table students 4 ( 5 id int not null auto_increment primary key, #自动增长,主键 6 name char(8) not null, 7 sex char(4) not null, 8 age tinyint unsigned not null, 9 tel char(13) null default "-"10 );
CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `content` text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) ) ;
3、数据操作:
1 insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('www','man',18,'151515151')2 3 delete from students where id =2;4 5 update students set name = 'toom' where id =1;6 7 select * from students
4、其他
主键 主键是表里面唯一识别记录的字段,一般是id外键 外键是该表与另一个表之间联接的字段 ,必须为另一个表中的主键 用途是确保数据的完整性左右连接 分左连接,右连接,内连接
Python MySQL API
一、插入数据
import MySQLdb# 打开数据库连接conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标cur = conn.cursor()# 使用execute方法执行SQL语句 #reCount = cur.execute("create table UserInfo(id int,name varchar(20),nat varchar(30))") 创建表.reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('toom','usa')) #提交sql语句conn.commit()# 关闭数据库连接cur.close() conn.close()print reCount #execute(self, query, args)
#执行单条sql语句,接收的参数为sql语句本身和使用的参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数
executemany(self, query, args)
#执行单挑sql语句,但是重复执行参数列表里的参数,返回值为受影响的行数,可以一次插入多条值
import MySQLdbconn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')cur = conn.cursor()li =[ ('www','usa'), ('toom','jpan'),]reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)conn.commit()cur.close()conn.close()print reCount
注意:cur.lastrowid
二、删除数据:
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')cur = conn.cursor()reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo where id=1') conn.commit() #提交数据cur.close() #关闭游标conn.close() #关闭数据库连接 print reCount
三、修改数据
import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',)) #reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set sex="man" where Name="alin"') 将Name名是alin的用户的sex改成“man”,set部分将改变. conn.commit()cur.close()conn.close() print reCount
四、查数据
# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ############################## import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo') print cur.fetchone()print cur.fetchone()cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')print cur.fetchone()print cur.fetchone()cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')print cur.fetchone()print cur.fetchone() cur.close()conn.close() print reCount # ############################## fetchall ############################## import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo') nRet = cur.fetchall() cur.close()conn.close() print reCountprint nRetfor i in nRet: print i[0],i[1] # ############################## fetchmany ##############################import MySQLdb conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)cur = conn.cursor() reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')#读出表中的所有数据info = cur.fetchmany(reCount)for ii in info: print iicur.close()conn.commit()conn.close()
cursor方法执行与返回值
cursor方法提供两类操作:1.执行命令,2.接收返回值 。
cursor用来执行命令的方法:#cursor用来执行命令的方法: callproc(self, procname, args) //用来执行存储过程,接收的参数为存储过程名和参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数execute(self, query, args) //执行单条sql语句,接收的参数为sql语句本身和使用的参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数executemany(self, query, args) //执行单挑sql语句,但是重复执行参数列表里的参数,返回值为受影响的行数nextset(self) //移动到下一个结果集#cursor用来接收返回值的方法:fetchall(self) //接收全部的返回结果行.fetchmany(self, size=None) //接收size条返回结果行.如果size的值大于返回的结果行的数量,则会返回cursor.arraysize条数据fetchone(self) //返回一条结果行scroll(self, value, mode='relative') //移动指针到某一行.如果mode='relative',则表示从当前所在行移动value条,如果mode='absolute',则表示从结果集的第一行移动value条rowcount //这是一个只读属性,并返回执行execute()方法后影响的行数
另附MySQL安装:
yum库安装MySQL
系统CenOS6.4
1.查看CentOS自带mysql是否已安装
yum list installed | grep mysql
2.若有自带安装的mysql,如何卸载CentOS系统自带mysql数据库?
yum -y remove mysql-*
3.查看yum库上的mysql版本信息(CentOS系统需要正常连接网络)。
yum list | grep mysql 或 yum -y list mysql*
4.使用yum安装mysql数据库。
yum -y install mysql-server mysql mysql-devel
注:安装mysql只是安装了数据库,只有安装mysql-server才相当于安装了客户端。
5.查看刚安装mysql数据库版本信息。
rpm -qi mysql-server
至此,MySQL安装完成!